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Multidimensional Analysis of Uncharacterized Sperm Proteins in Ciona intestinalis: EST-Based Analysis and Functional Immunoscreening of Testis-Expressed Genes

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 204-215, February 2010.

Neural Map of the Larval Central Nervous System in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 191-203, February 2010.

Simple Motor System of the Ascidian Larva: Neuronal Complex Comprising Putative Cholinergic and GABAergic/Glycinergic Neurons

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 181-190, February 2010.

SL RNA Genes of the Ascidian Tunicates Ciona intestinalis and Ciona savignyi

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 171-180, February 2010.

Computational Identification of Ciona intestinalis MicroRNAs

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 162-170, February 2010.

Comparative Overview of Toll-Like Receptors in Lower Animals

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 154-161, February 2010.

Neuropeptides, Hormone Peptides, and Their Receptors in Ciona intestinalis: An Update

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 134-153, February 2010.

Regulation of Notochord-Specific Expression of Ci-Bra Downstream Genes in Ciona intestinalis Embryos

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 110-118, February 2010.

Differential Regional Expression of Genes in the Developing Brain of Ciona intestinalis Embryos

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 103-109, February 2010.

Natural Apoptosis During the Blastogenetic Cycle of the Colonial Ascidian Botryllus schlosseri: A Morphological Analysis

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 96-102, February 2010.

Distinctive Expression Patterns of Hedgehog Pathway Genes in the Ciona intestinalis Larva: Implications for a Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Postembryonic Development and Chordate Evolution

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 84-90, February 2010.

Upstream Regulatory Sequences Required for Specific Gene Expression in the Ascidian Neural Tube

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 76-83, February 2010.

Identification of Genes Downstream of Nodal in the Ciona intestinalis Embryo

Zoological Science, Volume 27, Issue 2, Page 69-75, February 2010.

Sub-lethal effects of cadmium on the antioxidant defence system of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus

Publication year: 2010
Source: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 5 February 2010

Rui, Company , Angela, Serafim , Richard P., Cosson , Aline, Fiala-Médioni , Lionel, Camus , ...

The mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus is one of the most abundant species in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents and is continually exposed to the high-temperature venting fluids containing high metal concentrations and enriched in sulphides and methane, which constitute a potential toxic environment for marine species. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a sub-lethal Cd concentration on the antioxidant defence system of this mussel. B. azoricus were collected at Menez Gwen vent site (37°51'N, 32°31'W) and exposed to Cd (50μgl−1) during 24 days, followed by a depuration period of six days. A battery of stress related...

Geological history and phylogeny of Chelicerata

Publication year: 2010
Source: Arthropod Structure & Development, In Press, Uncorrected Proof, Available online 5 February 2010

Jason A., Dunlop

Chelicerata probably appeared during the Cambrian period. Their precise origins remain unclear, but may lie among the so-called great appendage arthropods. By the late Cambrian there is evidence for both Pycnogonida and Euchelicerata. Relationships between the principal euchelicerate lineages are unresolved, but Xiphosura, Eurypterida and Chasmataspidida (the last two extinct), are all known as body fossils from the Ordovician. The fourth group, Arachnida, was found monophyletic in most recent studies. Arachnids are known unequivocally from the Silurian (a putative Ordovician mite remains controversial), and the balance of evidence favours a common, terrestrial ancestor. Recent work recognises four principal arachnid clades:...

Potential impact of climate warming on the recruitment of an economically and ecologically important species, the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) at Helgoland, North Sea

Abstract A laboratory-based study was performed to assess the impact of climate warming on the recruitment of the endangered population of the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) at Helgoland (North Sea, German Bight). Egg-bearing females collected in situ just after spawning in late summer were subjected to various seasonal temperature regimes. Regimes with elevated temperatures (mild winters) resulted in a strong seasonal forward shift of larval hatching. Hatching took place at significantly lower temperatures than under regimes with normal winters. Experiments on larval development across a range of constant temperatures showed that no successful larval development occurred at temperatures below 14°C. Larval survival increased from 9% at 14°C to 80% at 22°C, while duration of larval development decreased correspondingly from 26 to 13 days. We hypothesize that an ongoing warming of the North Sea will strongly affect the recruitment success of the Helgoland lobster, mainly resulting from a decoupling of the seasonal peak appearance of larvae from optimal external conditions (temperature, food availability) for larval development.

Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s00227-010-1394-8
Authors
- Isabel Schmalenbach, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Marine Station 27483 Helgoland Germany
- Heinz-Dieter Franke, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Marine Station 27483 Helgoland Germany

Journal Marine Biology
Online ISSN 1432-1793
Print ISSN 0025-3162

The synapsin gene family in basal chordates: evolutionary perspectives in metazoans

Background:Synapsins are neuronal phosphoproteins involved in several functions correlated with both neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis. The comprehension of the basal role of the synapsin family is hampered in vertebrates by the existence of multiple synapsin genes. Therefore, studying homologous genes in basal chordates, devoid of genome duplication, could help to achieve a better understanding of the complex functions of these proteins.Results:In this study we report the cloning and characterization of the Ciona intestinalis and amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae synapsin transcripts and the definition of their gene structure using available C. intestinalis and B. floridae genomic sequences. We demonstrate the occurrence, in both model organisms, of a single member of the synapsin gene family. Full-length synapsin genes were identified in the recently sequenced genomes of phylogenetically diverse metazoans. Comparative genome analysis reveals extensive conservation of the SYN locus in several metazoans. Moreover, developmental expression studies underline that synapsin is a neuronal-specific marker in basal chordates and is expressed in several cell types of PNS and in many, if not all, CNS neurons.Conclusion:Our study demonstrates that synapsin genes are metazoan genes present in a single copy per genome, except for vertebrates. Moreover, we hypothesize that, during the evolution of synapsin proteins, new domains are added at different stages probably to cope up with the increased complexity in the nervous system organization. Finally, we demonstrate that protochordate synapsin is restricted to the post-mitotic phase of CNS development and thereby is a good marker of postmitotic neurons.

Agonistic Interactions Among Size-Matched form I and form II Male Procambarus suttkusi (Choctawhatchee Crayfish)

Southeastern Naturalist, Volume 9, Issue sp3, Page 231-244, January 2010.

A glycine receptor is involved in the organization of swimming movements in an invertebrate chordate.

Background:Rhythmic motor patterns for locomotion in vertebrates are generated in spinal cord neural networks known as spinal Central Pattern Generators (CPGs). A key element in pattern generation is the role of glycinergic synaptic transmission by interneurons that cross the cord midline and inhibit contralaterally-located excitatory neurons. The glycinergic inhibitory drive permits alternating and precisely timed motor output during locomotion such as walking or swimming. To understand better the evolution of this system we examined the physiology of the neural network controlling swimming in an invertebrate chordate relative of vertebrates, the ascidian larva Ciona intestinalis.Results:A reduced preparation of the larva consisting of nerve cord and motor ganglion generates alternating swimming movements. Pharmacological and genetic manipulation of glycine receptors shows that they are implicated in the control of these locomotory movements. Morphological, molecular techniques and heterologous expression experiments revealed that glycine receptors are inhibitory and are present on both motoneurones and locomotory muscle while putative glycinergic interneurons were identified in the nerve cord by labeling with an anti-glycine antibody.Conclusions:In Ciona intestinalis, glycine receptors, glycinergic transmission and putative glycinergic interneurons, have a key role in coordinating swimming movements through a simple CPG that is present in the motor ganglion and nerve cord. Thus, the strong association between glycine receptors and vertebrate locomotory networks may now be extended to include the phylum chordata. The results suggest that the basic network for 'spinal-like' locomotion is likely to have existed in the common ancestor of extant chordates some 650 M years ago.

Chemical constituents from the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis

Publication year: 2010
Source: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 13 January 2010
Xuefeng, Zhou , Kewei, Wen , Xianwen, Yang , Riming, Huang , Guang, Dong , ...

Bioinformatic analyses of the publicly accessible crustacean expressed sequence tags (ests) reveal numerous novel neuropeptide-encoding precursor proteins, including ones from members of several little studied taxa

Publication year: 2010
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology, In Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available online 11 January 2010
Andrew E., Christie , Christopher S., Durkin , Niko, Hartline , Paul, Ohno , Petra H., Lenz

ESTs have been generated for many crustacean species, providing an invaluable resource for peptide discovery in members of this arthropod subphylum. Here, these data were mined for novel peptide-encoding transcripts, with the mature peptides encoded by them predicted using a combination of on-line peptide prediction programs and homology to known arthropod sequences. In total, 70 mature full-length/partial peptides representing members of 16 families/subfamilies were predicted, the vast majority being novel; the species from which the peptides were identified included members of the Branchiopoda (Daphnia carinata and Triops cancriformis), Maxillopoda (Caligus clemensi, Caligus rogercresseyi, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Lernaeocera branchialis) and Malacostraca...

Defining length-at-metamorphosis in fishes: a multi-character approach

Abstract The present study attempts to highlight the value of multi-character approaches for defining thresholds in fish ontogeny, like the onset of the juvenile period. We developed techniques to objectively define the transition from larval to juvenile development using morphometric as well as morphological characters and exemplify the multi-character approach on newly settled white sea-breams (Diplodus sargus sargus) collected from the eastern Mediterranean. The morphometric analysis was based on principles of multivariate allometry whereas the analysis of morphology, on assigning a suite of selected characters (here related to external morphology and osteological development) into larval, transforming and juvenile states. The size-at-change in multivariate allometric growth (L _m) is considered here to denote mean length-at-metamorphosis. An almost perfect match is demonstrated between L _m (â€˜multivariate morphometryâ€™) and mean size-at-morphological change (â€˜multivariate morphologyâ€™) in white sea-bream.

Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s00227-009-1379-7
Authors
- Nikolaos Nikolioudakis, Institute of Marine Biological Resources Hellenic Centre for Marine Research P.O. Box 2214 71003 Heraklion, Crete Greece
- George Koumoundouros, University of Crete Department of Biology P.O. Box 2208 71409 Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Sotiris Kiparissis, Technological Educational Institute of Messolonghi Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Technology 30200 Messolonghi Greece
- Stylianos Somarakis, Institute of Marine Biological Resources Hellenic Centre for Marine Research P.O. Box 2214 71003 Heraklion, Crete Greece

Journal Marine Biology
Online ISSN 1432-1793
Print ISSN 0025-3162

Trace metals in Caprella (Crustacea: Amphipoda). A new tool for monitoring pollution in coastal areas?

Publication year: 2010
Source: Ecological Indicators, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 6 January 2010
José M., Guerra-García , Aurora, Ruiz-Tabares , Elena, Baeza-Rojano , M. Pilar, Cabezas , Juan J., Díaz-Pavón , ...

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the concentration of trace metals in eight species of Caprella from sites of different degree of pollution along Southern Spain, and compare them with nine additional species of peracaridean crustaceans (5 gammarids, 3 isopods and 1 tanaid) and three molluscs. This is the first comprehensive study of trace metals in caprellids and other peracaridean crustaceans as a baseline work for future research. For most of the metals, values are higher in caprellids than in the rest of peracarideans and molluscs, as Mytilus or Patella, traditionally used as biomonitor in previous...

Three Dimensional Structure and Fluid Flow through the Hydrospires of the Blastoid Echinoderm, Pentremites rusticus

Journal of Paleontology, Volume 84, Issue 1, Page 109-117, January 2010.

In search of the origin of FREPs: Characterization of Aplysia californica fibrinogen-related proteins

Publication year: 2009
Source: Developmental & Comparative Immunology, In Press, Uncorrected Proof, Available online 28 December 2009
A.M., Gorbushin , Y.V., Panchin , N.V., Iakovleva

All haemolymph lectins with uniquely juxtaposed N-terminal domain similar to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and C-terminal fibrinogen (FBG) termed FBG-related proteins (FREP) are documented till now only in the pulmonate mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata. Using genomic WGS database we have found two FREP genes from marine opistobranch Aplysia californica named AcFREP1 and AcFREP2. The AcFREP1 and AcFREP2 mRNA molecules have been subsequently isolated from cDNA of sea hare larvae as well as adult mollusc tissues. These genes encode proteins (504 and 510aa respectively) with domain architecture typical for FREPs with two N-terminal IgSF domains and C-terminal FBG domain. Although cDNA sequences...

Differentially Expressed Genes During Accessory Sex Gland Seasonal Development in Eriocheir sinensis

Journal of Crustacean Biology, Volume 30, Issue 1, Page 93-100, February 2010.

Effect of Striped Bass Larvae Transported from the Hudson River on Juvenile Abundance in Western Long Island Sound

Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, Page 343-353, January 2009.

Variation in pelagic larval growth of Atlantic billfishes: the role of prey composition and selective mortality

Abstract Atlantic blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) larvae were collected from 10 monthly cruises (June–October 2003 and 2004) across the Straits of Florida to test (1) whether growth differed between the more productive western region near the Florida shelf, and the less productive eastern region toward the Bahamas, and (2) whether growth was related to prey consumption. Examination of larval sagittal otoliths revealed that instantaneous growth and daily growth during the first 2–3 weeks of life did not vary significantly between the two regions for either species. However, recent growth during the last two full days prior to collection was greater in the west for blue marlin larvae. Recent growth of blue marlin larvae <9 mm SL (primarily zooplanktivorous) was significantly related to prey composition (faster growth when higher proportions of Farranula copepods were consumed). Western larvae grew faster and had higher proportions of Farranula in their guts. Trends for sailfish larvae were not significant. In both species, comparison of early growth between <9 and ≥9 mm SL size groups indicated that growth trajectories diverged around 5–8 mm SL, the time when billfish larvae become capable of piscivory. Significantly faster growth of larger (older) larvae suggests that mortality was selective for fast growers and that the transition to piscivory may be a critical point in the early life of billfish.

Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s00227-009-1366-z
Authors
- Su Sponaugle, University of Miami Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy Miami FL 33149 USA
- Kristen D. Walter, University of Miami Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy Miami FL 33149 USA
- Kelly L. Denit, University of Miami Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy Miami FL 33149 USA
- Joel K. Llopiz, University of Miami Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy Miami FL 33149 USA
- Robert K. Cowen, University of Miami Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy Miami FL 33149 USA

Journal Marine Biology
Online ISSN 1432-1793
Print ISSN 0025-3162

Characterisation of the interaction between syndecan-2, neurofibromin and CASK: Dependence of interaction on syndecan dimerization

Publication year: 2009
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, In Press, Uncorrected Proof, Available online 16 December 2009
Manuela, Volta , Stefano, Calza , Anne M., Roberts , Roland G., Roberts

Neurofibromin and calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) are membrane-associated signalling and scaffolding proteins which are mutated in human genetic neurological disorders. Syndecan-2 is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein whose intracellular C-terminus has previously been shown to interact with the post-synaptic density 95/discs large/zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domain of CASK and with two separate regions of neurofibromin. These three proteins collaborate to orchestrate the induction of filopodia and dendritic spines. We have used systematic mutagenesis of the intracellular region of syndecan-2 and a quantitative yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay to study the determinants of their interactions. We show that syndecan’s interactions with both...

Effects of habitat complexity on the aggressive behaviour of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) in captivity

Publication year: 2009
Source: Applied Animal Behaviour Science, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 16 December 2009
Federica, Cenni , Giuliana, Parisi , Francesca, Gherardi

The American lobster, Homarus americanus, is one of the most economically valuable crustacean decapods worldwide, being mostly exploited to foster the live animal industry. Lobsters are typically held in storage facilities where individuals may suffer due to the repeated combats among each other. Loss of chelae and other damages may also reduce their market value. Here, we investigate the potential use of a complex habitat to reduce fighting in a group of lobsters. Pieces of concrete bricks positioned within the experimental tanks were used to increase the complexity of the habitat. The behaviour of groups of four similarly sized lobsters...

Four new species of Haplostoma (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Ascidicolidae) living in compound ascidians from Madagascar

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Volume 122, Issue 4, Page 426-448, December 2009.

A comparison of filtration rates among pelagic tunicates using kinematic measurements

Abstract Salps have higher filtration rates than most other holoplankton, and are capable of packaging and exporting primary production from surface waters. A method of kinematic analysis was employed to accurately measure salp feeding rates. The data were then used to explain how diverse body morphologies and swimming motions among species and lifecycle stages influence salp feeding performance. We selected five species, representing a range of morphologies and swimming styles, and used digitized outlines from video frames to measure body-shape change during a pulse cycle. Time-varying body volume was then calculated from the digitized salp outlines to estimate the amount of fluid passing through the filtering mesh. This non-invasive method produced higher feeding rates than other methods and revealed that body volume, pulse frequency and degree of contraction are important factors for determining volume filtered. Each species possessed a unique combination of these three characteristics that resulted in comparable filtration (range: 0.44–15.33 ml s⁻¹) and normalized filtration rates (range: 0.21–1.27 s⁻¹) across species. The convergence of different species with diverse morphologies on similar normalized filtration suggests a tendency towards a flow optimum.

Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s00227-009-1359-y
Authors
- Kelly R. Sutherland, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Biology Department Woods Hole MA 02543 USA
- Laurence P. Madin, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Biology Department Woods Hole MA 02543 USA

Journal Marine Biology
Online ISSN 1432-1793
Print ISSN 0025-3162

Assessing coastal benthic macrofauna community condition using best professional judgement â€“ Developing consensus across North America and Europe

Publication year: 2009
Source: Marine Pollution Bulletin, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 6 December 2009
Heliana, Teixeira , Ãngel, Borja , Stephen B., Weisberg , J., Ananda Ranasinghe , Donald B., Cadien , ...

Benthic indices are typically developed independently by habitat, making their incorporation into large geographic scale assessments potentially problematic because of scaling inequities. A potential solution is to establish common scaling using expert best professional judgment (BPJ). To test if experts from different geographies agree on condition assessment, sixteen experts from four regions in USA and Europe were provided species-abundance data for twelve sites per region. They ranked samples from best to worst condition and classified samples into four condition (quality) categories. Site rankings were highly correlated among experts, regardless of whether they were assessing samples from their home region. There...

Crayfish females eavesdrop on fighting males and use smell and sight to recognize the identity of the winner

Publication year: 2009
Source: Animal Behaviour, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 4 December 2009
Laura, Aquiloni , Francesca, Gherardi

Females of many animal species select dominant males as mates but their ability to detect the male's hierarchical status remains poorly understood. Previously, we found that females of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii eavesdrop on two fighting males before choosing the winner. Here, we asked whether eavesdropping females use vision together with smell to do so and whether their preference for the winner relies on a form of individual, rather than on status, recognition. When tested in a two-way choice paradigm, a bystander female visited the dominant first rather than the subordinate male, remained in his proximity for longer, and interacted...

Movement patterns of the seastar Heliaster helianthus in central Chile: relationship with environmental conditions and prey availability

Abstract The rates and patterns of feeding and displacement of predators constitute two of the most important plastic behavioral responses that allow individuals to respond quickly to changes in abundance of their prey, predation risks and to rapid alterations in environmental conditions. In this study, we quantified seasonal and spatial variation in displacement (net changes in location in 12 or 24 h periods) and prey consumed of marked individuals of the keystone seastar Heliaster helianthus at six sites spanning 600 km along the coast of north-central Chile. We evaluated the hypotheses that: (1) at sites with low availability (cover) of the main prey, the mussel Perumytilus purpuratus, Heliaster displays larger displacements and consumes a greater proportion of other prey (e.g. mobile species) than at sites with high mussel cover, (2) daily displacements will be correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) and (3) increased wave action will reduce seastar daily displacement. Our results show that Heliaster displacement is higher at sites with lower availability of P. purpuratus; and at these sites, a larger proportion of Heliaster individuals are observed feeding, mostly on other prey (e.g. limpets), which could offset the higher costs associated with increased movement. In addition, wave forces affected the activity of Heliaster negatively. Contrary to our expectations, the daily displacements did not show any relationship with SST measured on the day or the previous days of the surveys, despite the fact that average displacement was generally higher in summer than in winter months. Future studies should examine Heliaster movement during single foraging excursions and determine whether these responses affect the growth and reproductive output of individuals. Such information is vital to understand how changes in prey abundance and environmental conditions alter the behavior and energy budget of this predator and its ability to control prey populations.

Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s00227-009-1350-7
Authors
- Mario Barahona, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Las Cruces & Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity (CASEB) Casilla 114-D Santiago Chile
- Sergio A. Navarrete, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Las Cruces & Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity (CASEB) Casilla 114-D Santiago Chile

Journal Marine Biology
Online ISSN 1432-1793
Print ISSN 0025-3162

The effects of starvation and acute low salinity exposure on food intake in the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister

Abstract Adult Cancer magister make forays into hyposaline estuarine habitats during times of high food abundance. However, as weak osmoregulators, they are poorly equipped to deal with the concurrent demands of osmoregulation and digestion. Therefore, the potential interaction between nutritional status and feeding in a physiologically challenging environment was investigated. Changes in the proportion of crabs feeding, the amount of food consumed, the time spent feeding, and the efficiency with which a meal was consumed were examined in response to the length and severity of hyposaline exposure, and the duration of starvation. Reductions in the (a) number of animals feeding, (b) the amount of food consumed, and (c) the time spent feeding were observed in salinities where C. magister actively osmoregulates the concentration of its internal fluids. Although this reduction in feeding was likely a stress response, the crabs were able evaluate the level of salinity stress: there was a dose-dependent reduction in feeding, and they were able to discriminate between salinities separated by as little as 3.5â€°. The likelihood that animals would feed in low salinity increased with starvation. Thus, the aversion to food uptake in physiologically stressful conditions may be overridden by the need to procure nutrients. In the natural environment, we suggest that C. magister are employing an â€˜eat and runâ€™ strategy, moving into the estuary, consuming a meal, and retreating to higher salinities to digest.

Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Paper
DOI 10.1007/s00227-009-1345-4
Authors
- Daniel L. Curtis, University of Nevada School of Life Sciences Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway Las Vegas NV 89154 USA
- Cheryl H. Vanier, University of Nevada School of Life Sciences Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway Las Vegas NV 89154 USA
- Iain J. McGaw, Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre Bamfield BC V0R 1B0 Canada

Journal Marine Biology
Online ISSN 1432-1793
Print ISSN 0025-3162

Mechanism of DNA replication-dependent transcriptional activation of the acetylcholinesterase gene in the Ciona intestinalis embryo

Transcriptional regulation of the retinoic acid receptor in the dorsal midline epidermis in the Ciona intestinalis embryo

Time Budget of Cancer irroratus (Say) and Carcinus maenas (L.) Under Various Temperature and Prey Density Conditions During Conspecific and Heterospecific Challenges

Journal of Shellfish Research, Volume 28, Issue 4, Page 923-930, December 2009.

Eukaryotic Communities in Epizootic Shell Disease Lesions of the American Lobster (Homarus americanus, H. Milne Edwards)

Journal of Shellfish Research, Volume 28, Issue 4, Page 913-922, December 2009.

Spectroscopic Analysis of Hemolymph from the American Lobster (Homarus americanus)

Journal of Shellfish Research, Volume 28, Issue 4, Page 905-912, December 2009.

Scorpion taphonomy: criteria for distinguishing fossil scorpion molts and carcasses

Journal of Arachnology, Volume 37, Issue 3, Page 312-320, December 2009.

Purification of Dyneins from Sperm Flagella

Publication year: 2009
Source: Methods in Cell Biology, Volume 92, 2009, Pages 49-63
Kazuo, Inaba , Katsutoshi, Mizuno

Metazoan spermatozoa, especially those from marine invertebrates and fish, are excellent sources for isolating axonemal dyneins because of their cellular homogeneity and the large amounts that can be collected. Sperm flagella can be easily isolated by homogenization and subsequent centrifugation. Axonemes are obtained by demembranation of flagella with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. The outer arm dyneins have been most widely studied because they are specifically extracted by a high-salt solution and can be isolated as a relatively pure fraction of ~20S two-headed dynein by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Only a few reports have described the isolation of inner arm...

Highly Divergent Gene Expression Programs Can Lead to Similar Chordate Larval Body Plans

Publication year: 2009
Source: Current Biology, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 19 November 2009
Daniel, Sobral , Olivier, Tassy , Patrick, Lemaire

The diversity of animal morphologies is thought to result largely from spatial or temporal variations in gene expression. Conversely, we explored here the extent of divergence in transcriptional expression patterns compatible with a common morphological output, the chordate larva. We compared two organisms that share a prototypical tadpole larval body plan but are separated by over half a billion years of divergent evolution: the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, an invertebrate chordate belonging to the sister group of vertebrates [1]. The large databases of whole-mount in situ hybridization expression patterns available for these two species allowed us to carry...

Prey-induced changes to a predator's behaviour and morphology: Implications for shellâ€“claw covariance in the northwest Atlantic

Publication year: 2009
Source: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 12 November 2009
Timothy C., Edgell , RÃ©my, Rochette

Whereas many plasticity studies demonstrate the importance of inducible defences among prey, far fewer investigate the potential role of inducible offences among predators. Here we ask if natural differences in a snail's shell hardness can induce developmental changes to a predatory crab's claw size. To do this, we fed Littorina obtusata snails from either thick- or thin-shelled populations to captive European green crabs Carcinus maenas. The crabs' shell-breaking behaviour dominated among those fed thin-shelled snails, whereas crabs fed thick-shelled snails mostly winkled flesh through the shell opening without damaging the shell itself (a.k.a. aperture-probing behaviour). Significantly, the size of crab...

Species-specific patterns of aggregation of wild fish around fish farms

Publication year: 2009
Source: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, In Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available online 12 November 2009
T., Dempster , P., Sanchez-Jerez , I., Uglem , P.A., BjÃ¸rn

Fish-farming structures are widespread in coastal waters and are highly attractive to wild fish. Several studies have estimated that tons to tens of tons of wild fish aggregate around fish farms. These estimates assumed that the majority of wild fish are concentrated immediately beneath farms, although this assumption has never been explicitly tested. We tested the hypothesis that abundances of wild fish would be greatest immediately beneath farms and progressively diminish with distance at 4 full-scale coastal salmon (Salmo salar) farms in Norway. At each farm, fish were counted with a video-camera system at 5 different distances from the cages...

Inhibition of common fouling organisms in mariculture by epiphytic bacteria from the surfaces of seaweeds and invertebrates

Publication year: 2009
Source: Acta Ecologica Sinica, Volume 29, Issue 4, September 2009, Pages 222-226
Yuexin, Ma , Pengliang, Liu , Shubo, Yu , Dantong, Li , Shanmao, Cao

A total of 319 bacterial strains isolated from the surfaces of seaweeds and invertebrates were tested for their effects on settlement of Ulva lactuca spores and Hydroides ezoensis larvae in laboratory bioassays. Of the 192 bacterial strains isolated from the surfaces of seaweeds 63 isolates were shown to be inhibitory against the settlement of algal spores and 62 isolates were inhibitory against larval settlement. Thirty-seven percent of the 127 bacterial strains isolated from the surfaces of marine invertebrates were shown to be inhibitory against algal spores and larval settlement. The strain CI4 isolated from an adult Ciona intestinalis showed the...

Distribution of Freshwater Fishes in Connecticut Based on Museum Voucher Specimens

Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Volume 50, Issue 2, Page 347-379, October 2009.

Arthropod phylogeny revisited, with a focus on crustacean relationships

Publication year: 2009
Source: Arthropod Structure & Development, In Press, Uncorrected Proof, Available online 5 November 2009
Stefan, Koenemann , Ronald A., Jenner , Mario, Hoenemann , Torben, Stemme , Björn M., von Reumont

Higher-level arthropod phylogenetics is an intensely active field of research, not least as a result of the hegemony of molecular data. However, not all areas of arthropod phylogenetics have so far received equal attention. The application of molecular data to infer a comprehensive phylogeny of Crustacea is still in its infancy, and several emerging results are conspicuously at odds with morphology-based studies. In this study, we present a series of molecular phylogenetic analyses of 88 arthropods, including 57 crustaceans, representing all the major lineages, with Onychophora and Tardigrada as outgroups. Our analyses are based on published and new sequences for two mitochondrial...

Hovering between death and life: Natural apoptosis and phagocytes in the blastogenetic cycle of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri

Publication year: 2009
Source: Developmental & Comparative Immunology, In Press, Uncorrected Proof, Available online 28 October 2009
Francesca, Cima , Lucia, Manni , Adams, Menin , Giuseppe, Basso , Elena, Fortunato , ...

Colonies of the compound ascidian Botryllus schlosseri undergo recurrent generation changes during which massive, natural apoptosis occurs in zooid tissues: for this reason the species is emerging as an interesting model of invertebrate chordate, phylogenetically related to vertebrates, for studies of apoptosis during development.In the present work, we carried out a series of morphological, cytofluorimetrical and biochemical analyses, useful for a better characterization of Botryllus apoptosis. Results are consistent with the following viewpoints: (i) both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, probably connected by the BH3-only protein Bid, are involved in cell death induction; (ii) phagocytes, once loaded with senescent cells, frequently...